Health, Science, and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Review of Disease Dynamics, Therapeutic Advances, and Environmental Challenges

Muhammad Akram; Mohammed Khudhair Hasan; Hind A. Abdulghafoor; Fahad Saidan; Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir; Gaweł Sołowski; Jauher Bin Ali

doi:10.64943/ljacs.2026.010101

Authors

Muhammad Akram Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad-Pakistan
Mohammed Khudhair Hasan Al Manara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan, Iraq
Hind A. Abdulghafoor Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Fallujah, Iraq
Fahad Saidan Department of Eastern Medicine, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Art, Bingol University, Bingol, 1200, Türkiye
Gaweł Sołowski Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Art, Bingol University, Bingol, 1200, Türkiye
Jauher Bin Ali ESST-HS/University of Sousse Sime Laboratory (ENSIT)/University of Tunis

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64943/ljacs.2026.010101

Keywords:

disease dynamics, climate change,, , antibiotics, climate change, One Health, nanotechnology

Abstract

Health dynamics and environmental sustainability are deeply interlinked. Recent years have seen rapid shifts in disease patterns from pandemics like COVID-19 to rising chronic conditions driven by globalization, urbanization, and climate change. At the same time, technology is advancing in medicine: novel therapeutics, diagnostics, and AI are transforming prevention and care. Environmental factors such as pollution, land use, and climate shifts influence disease emergence and exacerbate health risks. This review integrates multiple fields to examine how diseases spread and evolve, the latest in treatments and biomedical innovations, and the environmental challenges that threaten health and ecosystem balance. We summarize key trends in epidemiology and modelling, highlight breakthroughs in therapy and diagnostics, and explore sustainability issues like fertilizer use and climate impacts. Experiments and public data ranging from WHO climate studies to OurWorldInData analyses are used to illustrate these themes. The goal is to provide a clear, human-centered synthesis of complex topics for a broad audience.