Evaluation Of The Antimicrobial Effect Of Rosa Damascene Against The Main Causative Agents Of Urinary Tract Infections In Women.

Ahmed S. Jasim

doi:10.64943/ljacs.2026.010214

Authors

Ahmed S. Jasim Department of medical laboratories, Al-Musaib Polytechnic collage, Furat Al- Awsat Technical University, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2683-1788

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64943/ljacs.2026.010214

Keywords:

plant extract, urinary tract infection, antimicrobial activity, specifically

Abstract

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is popular, specifically in women. The rising in antimicrobial resistance is driving interest to find alternative compounds to inhibit or kill harmful bacteria. Objective: This study aimed to isolate E. coli from young women with UTIs and evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Rosa damascena extract against these isolates. Methods: A total 20 samples were collected from women suffering from UTIs, then, E. coli were isolated and identified using VITEK technique, Finally, we evaluate the inhibitory effect of R. damascena using buer- Kirby technique (in vitro study). Result: Our research shows that young adults were the highest age group infected with urinary tract infection (UTIs). Furthermore, there is no clear zone of inhibition formed (using well diffusion technique), but there wase a noticeable reduction in colony density\growth around the wells containing plant extract, compared to a dense growth around control wells. Conclusion: Although R. damascene possesses a mild to moderate antimicrobial against E. coli, warranting further investigation using quantitate methods such as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay to better characterize its efficacy.

References

1. Raju, C. B., & Tiwari, S. C. (2004). Urinary tract infection—A suitable approach. Journal of the Indian Academy of Clinical Medicine, 2(4), 331–334.

2. Alsafi, A., & Al-Kaabi, S. J. (2023). Aqueous Rosa damascena extract: Antibacterial activity and its role of adhesion to human epithelial cells in vitro. Cell Biochemistry and Function, 41, 365 - 374. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.3788

3. Bayrak, B., Yuca, H., Budak, Y. B., Alkuyruk, S. B., Özer, E. B., Bona, G. E., Aydın, B., Karadayı, M., Atila, A., Göger, G., & Karakaya, S. (2026). Comprehensive Chemical and Biological Evaluation of Rosa damascena Plant Parts and Industrial Residues Using FTIR‐ATR and LC–MS/MS. Food Science & Nutrition, 14. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.72072

4. Shahid, A., Vaseem, M., Arshad, M., Khushtar, M., Ahmad, M. A., Ajmal, M., Chauhan, S. K., Abubakar, & Arif, M. (2025). A comprehensive review on chemical composition and pharmacological properties of Rosa damascena Mill. Current Pharmacology Reports, 11, Article 33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40495-025-00412-3

5. Chroho, M., Bouymajane, A., Majdoub, Y. O. E., Cacciola, F., Mondello, L., Aazza, M., Zair, T., & Bouissane, L. (2022). Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Extract from Flowers of Rosa damascena from Morocco. Separations. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9090247

6. Ghavam, M. (2024). Rosa × damascena Herrm. From Azaran region, Kashan: rich in saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with inhibitory effect against Proteus mirabilis. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-024-04562-7

7. Ghavam, M., Afzali, A., & Manca, M. (2021). Chemotype of damask rose with oleic acid (9 octadecenoic acid) and its antimicrobial effectiveness. Scientific Reports, 11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87604-1

8. Halawani, E. (2014). Antimicrobial activity of Rosa damascena petals extracts and chemical composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 8, 2359-2367. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2014.6829

9. Kaddar, R., Hasan, N., & Al-Diab, D. (2023). Antibacterial activity of Rosa damascene petals mill extracts. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360x.2023.00822

10. Lebkiri, N., Diria, G., Gaboun, F., Saghir, K., Iraqi, D., Kamli, E. T., Hamdani, M. E., Benali, A., Yachou, H., Abdelwahd, R., & Abbas, Y. (2025). Assessing the volatile composition by GC/MS-MS and biological efficacy of Rosa damascena essential oil: Examining its antimicrobial and antioxidant capabilities. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.25259/ajc_148_2025

11. Lương, N., Lan, L., Nguyen, L., Nguyễn, Q. N., Loan, L. T. T., Truong, H., & Tran, H. T. (2019). Study on antibacterial activities of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Leaf and flower extracts against Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences. https://doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v2i1.669

12. Maher, S. (2018). GC-MS analysis of antibacterial compounds from floral part of methanolic extract of Rosa damascene. Pure and Applied Biology. https://doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2018.700206

13. Nazir, I. (2021). Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Flowers against Multi Drug Resistant E. coli. The Pakistan Veterinary Journal. https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2021.019

14. Niazi, P., Hejran, A., & Alimyar, O. (2025). Assessment of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Ethanolic Flower Extracts from Rosa damascena against Pathogenic Micro-Organisms. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture. https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1583192

15. Peeran, S., Murugan, M., Fageeh, H., Ibraheem, W., Fageeh, H., & Basheer, S. N. (2024). Antibacterial Activity, Antiadherence Activity, Antioxidant Activity, and Molecular Docking Analysis of Arab Rose (Rosa Damascena) Extract on Periodontopathic Bacteria: Porphyromonas Gingivalis and Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans - An In vitro Study. Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences, 16, S4678 - S4687. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1300_24

16. Ramdan, B., Ben Mrid, R., Ramdan, R., El Karbane, M., & Nhiri, M. (2021). Promising effects of Rosa damascena petal extracts as antioxidant and antibacterial agents. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 34(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.36721/PJPS.2021.34.1.REG.001-008.1

17. Saghafi, F., Mirzaie, F., Gorji, E., Nabimeybodi, R., Fattahi, M., Mahmoodian, H., & Zareshahi, R. (2021). Antibacterial and anti-Trichomonas Vaginalis effects of Rosa Damascena mill petal oil (a persian medicine product), aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-021-03434-8

18. Bouymajane, A., Oumam, M., El Yadini, A., & Mansouri, F. (2022). Phenolic composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of extract from flowers of Rosa damascena from Morocco. Separations, 9(9), 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9090247

19. Thallaj, N., Agha, M., Nattouf, A., Khatib, C., Kara-Ali, A., Moustapha, A., & Labban, L. (2020). Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities and Bioactive Compounds of Different Extracts Related to Syrian Traditional Products of Damask Rose (Rosa damascena). OALib. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106302

20. Trendafilova, A., Staleva, P., Petkova, Z. S., Ivanova, V., Evstatieva, Y., Nikolova, D., Rasheva, I., Atanasov, N., Topouzova-Hristova, T., Veleva, R., Moskova-Doumanova, V., Dimitrov, V., & Simova, S. (2023). Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Potential, Antimicrobial Activity, and Cytotoxicity of Dry Extract from Rosa damascena Mill. Molecules, 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227666

21. Vaou, N., Voidarou, C., Dimitroulia, E., Rozos, G., Skoufou, M., Saldari, C., Stavropoulou, E., Vrioni, G., & Tsakris, A. (2026). Evaluation of Plant-Guided Strategies Against Clinical Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens: Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Capacity, and Antibacterial/Antibiofilm Activity of Rosa canina and Colchicum autumnale Extracts. Antibiotics, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15050508

22. Bouymajane, A., Oumam, M., El Yadini, A., & Mansouri, F. (2022). Phenolic composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of extract from flowers of Rosa damascena from Morocco. Separations, 9(9), Article 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9090247

23. Akram, M., Riaz, M., Munir, N., Akhter, N., Zafar, S., Jabeen, F., Ali Shariati, M., Akhtar, N., Riaz, Z., Altaf, S. H., Daniyal, M., Zahid, R., & Said Khan, F. (2020). Chemical constituents, experimental and clinical pharmacology of Rosa damascena: A literature review. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 72(2), 161–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.13185

24. Motamedi, H., Darabpour, E., Gholipour, M., & Seyyed Nejad, S. M. (2010). Antibacterial effect of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Plantago ovata and Oliveria decumbens endemic in Iran against some pathogenic bacteria. International Journal of Pharmacology, 6(2), 117–122. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2010.117.122

25. Alsafi, A., & Al-Kaabi, S. J. (2023). Aqueous Rosa damascena extract: Antibacterial activity and its role of adhesion to human epithelial cells in vitro. Cell Biochemistry and Function, 41, 365 - 374. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.3788

26. Halawani, E. (2014). Antimicrobial activity of Rosa damascena petals extracts and chemical composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 8, 2359-2367. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2014.6829

27. Ghavam, M. (2024). Rosa × damascena Herrm. From Azaran region, Kashan: rich in saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with inhibitory effect against Proteus mirabilis. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-024-04562-7